该系列上一篇文章《Elasticsearch必知必会的干货知识一:ES索引文档的CRUD》 讲了如何进行index的增删改查,本篇则侧重讲解说明如何对index进行创建、更改、迁移、查询配置信息等。

  1. 仅创建索引:PUT index

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    PUT /index
    
  2. 添加字段设置(mappings):PUT index/_mapping/type,如:(properties下均为索引字段)

    PUT /index/_mapping/_doc 
    
    {
      "properties": {
        "email": {
          "type": "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
    
  3. 添加索引设置(settings):PUT /index/_settings,如:

    PUT /index/_settings
    
    {
        "number_of_shards":"8",
        "max_inner_result_window":"130000",
        "max_result_window":"130000",
        "analysis":{
            "analyzer":{
                "ngram_analyzer":{
                    "tokenizer":"ngram_tokenizer"
                }
            },
            "tokenizer":{
                "ngram_tokenizer":{
                    "token_chars":[
                        "letter",
                        "digit",
                        "punctuation"
                    ],
                    "type":"ngram",
                    "max_gram":"1"
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
  4. 添加别名或删除别名:POST /_aliases 或 PUT /index/_alias/name ,如:(remove表示删除别名,add表示添加别名)

POST  /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "remove" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } },
        { "add" : { "index" : "test2", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}

PUT /index/_alias/name   exp:/index/_alias/index100 

  1. 一次性创建包含完整的别名(alias)、字段(mappings)、设置(settings)的索引,如:

    PUT /index_name
    {
        "index_name":{
            "aliases":{
                "index_alias_name":{
    
                }
            },
            "mappings":{
                "index_type":{
                    "dynamic":"false",
                    "properties":{
                        "doubleField1":{
                            "type":"double",
                            "null_value":0
                        },
                        "keywordField2":{
                            "type":"keyword",
                            "null_value":""
                        },
                        "longField3":{
                            "type":"long",
                            "null_value":0
                        },
                        "textField4":{
                            "type":"text",
                            "fields":{
                                "raw":{
                                    "type":"keyword",
                                    "null_value":""
                                }
                            },
                            "analyzer":"ngram_analyzer"
                        },
                        "dateField5":{
                            "type":"date",
                            "null_value":"-62167420800000",
                            "format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
                        }
                    }
                }
            },
            "settings":{
                "number_of_shards":"3",
                "number_of_replicas":"2",
                "max_inner_result_window":"130000",
                "max_result_window":"130000",
                "analysis":{
                    "analyzer":{
                        "ngram_analyzer":{
                            "tokenizer":"ngram_tokenizer"
                        }
                    },
                    "tokenizer":{
                        "ngram_tokenizer":{
                            "token_chars":[
                                "letter",
                                "digit",
                                "punctuation"
                            ],
                            "type":"ngram",
                            "max_gram":"1"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
  2. index自动滚动【Rollover】,即:当索引达到预设的滚动条件时,会自动创建新的索引(index),并将别名(alias)指向最新的索引,原索引将被自动删除映射,如:(先创建索引并指名索引别名,然后执行_rollover API 且设定滚动的条件值,最后正常的插入文档数,当达到滚动条件后,则会自动触发index _rollover)

    POST index_alias_name/_rollover/
    {
      "conditions": {
        "max_age": "7d", //设置:最大时间7天
        "max_docs": 10000,//设置:最大文档记录数
        "max_size":  "5gb" //设置:索引最大容量
      }
    }
    
    //Response:
    {
      "old_index": "旧索引名",
      "new_index": "新索引名",
      "rolled_over": true,
      "dry_run": false,
      "acknowledged": true,
      "shards_acknowledged": true,
      "conditions": {
        "[max_docs: 10000]": true,
        "[max_age: 7d]": false,
        "[max_size: 5gb]": false
      }
    }
    
    //POST index_alias_name/_doc -d {index文档JSON}  插入10000以上的文档记录
    
  3. 重建索引(_reindex),即:一旦索引被创建,则无法直接修改索引字段的mapping属性,必需要重建索引然后将旧的索引数据迁移到新的索引中才行(迁移过程底层使用了scroll API ),如:

    POST _reindex
    {
      "conflicts": "proceed",//发生冲突继续执行
      "source": {
        "index": "old_index",
        "type": "_doc",
        "size": 5000,  //设置每批迁移的文档记录数
        "_source": ["user", "_doc"], //可设置要迁移的索引字段,不设置则默认所有字段
        "query": { //可设置要迁移的文档记录过滤条件
          "match_all": { }
        }
      },
      "dest": {
        "index": "new_index",
        "type": "_doc",
        "version_type": "internal" //"internal"或者不设置,则Elasticsearch强制性的将文档转储到目标中,覆盖具有相同类型和ID的任何内容
      }
    }
    

    其它说明可参见:ES数据库重建索引——Reindex(数据迁移)

  4. 查询index的完整定义信息:GET /index ,如:

    GET /index
    
  5. 只查询mapping字段信息:GET /index/_mapping (带s也可以)

    GET /index/_mapping OR /index/_mappings 
    OR /index/_mapping/_doc【如有多个type可以加上指定type】
    
  6. 只查询settings信息:GET /index/_settings

    GET /index/_settings
    
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