02 Django REST Framework 序列化

 01-创建序列化类

# 方式一：
publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
# 导入序列化组件
from django.core import serializers

serializers.serialize("json", publish_list)

 

# 方式二：
# 为queryset和model对象做序列化


class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    # 添加做序列化的字段
    name = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.CharField()

publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()

PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)

PublishSerializers(model_obj)

 Response

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from rest_framework.response import Response

# 序列化 一对多  多对多

class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    # 添加做序列化的字段
    title = serializers.CharField()
    price = serializers.CharField()
    # 一对多
    publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
    
    # 多对多
    authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    
    def get_authors(self, obj):
        temp = []
        for obj in obj.authors.all():
            temp.append(obj.name)

02-ModelSerializer

# 等同于上面的

from rest_framework.views import APIView

class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book  # 表名
        fields = "__all__"


class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = Book.objects.all()
        bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True)

        return Response(bs.data)

    def post(self):
        pass

03-提交post请求

class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        '''
        获取书籍
        :param request:
        :return:
        '''
        book_list = Book.objects.all()
        bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True)

        return Response(bs.data)

    def post(self, request):
        '''
        添加书籍
        :return:
        '''
        # post请求的数据
        bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # 调用的是create方法
            # 返回的是添加的数据
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            # 错误的数据
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

04-重写save中create方法

class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book  # 表名
        fields = "__all__"

    publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk)
    # 针对一对多字段publish，会报错，所以重写create方法
    def create(self, validated_data):
        book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"], price = validated_data["price"], pub_date = validated_data["pub_date"])
        book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"])

        return book

 05-自定义方法

class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    type = serializers.CharField(source="get_user_type_display")
    group = serializers.CharField(source="group.title")
    rls = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_rls(self, row):
        # 获取用户所有的角色
        role_obj_list = row.roles.all()
        ret = []
        # 获取角色的id和名字
        # 以字典的键值对方式显示
        for item in role_obj_list:
            ret.append({"id": item.id, "title": item.title})
        return ret

    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ['id','username','password','type','group','rls']

06-自动序列化连表（depth）

class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        #fields = "__all__"
        fields = ['id','username','password','group','roles']
        #表示连表的深度
        depth = 1

07-生成url

# urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/group/(?P<pk>\d+)/', GroupView.as_view(),name = 'gp')    #序列化生成url
]

 

class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 获取url
    group = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='gp',lookup_field='group_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pk')
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        #fields = "__all__"
        fields = ['id','username','password','group','roles']
        #表示连表的深度
        depth = 0

效果：

 08-自定义数据验证规则

# 自定义验证规则
class GroupValidation(object):
    def __init__(self,base):
        self.base = base

    def __call__(self, value):
        if not value.startswith(self.base):
            message = "标题必须以%s为开头"%self.base
            raise serializers.ValidationError(message)


class UserGroupSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(validators=[GroupValidation('以我开头'),])    

class UserGroupView(APIView):
    def post(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
        ser = UserGroupSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            print(ser.validated_data['title'])
        else:
            print(ser.errors)

        return HttpResponse("用户提交数据验证")

 

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