Django用户认证系统(一)User对象
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/linxiyue/p/4060213.html
User对象
User对象是认证系统的核心。用户对象通常用来代表网站的用户，并支持例如访问控制、注册用户、关联创建者和内容等。在Django认证框架中只有一个用户类，例如超级用户('superusers’)或('staff')用户只不过是相同用户对象设置了不同属性而已。
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username
用户名,必需字段。30个字符或更少，可以包含 _, @, +, . 和 - 字符。
first_name
可选。 30 characters or fewer.
last_name
可选。 30 characters or fewer.
email
邮箱,可选。 Email address.
password
密码,必需。Django不是以明文存储密码的，而是存储哈希值。
groups
用户组。Many-to-many relationship to Group
user_permissions
用户权限。Many-to-many relationship to Permission
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | groups = models.ManyToManyField(Group, verbose_name = _( 'groups' ), blank = True , help_text = _( 'The groups this user belongs to. A user will ' 'get all permissions granted to each of ' 'their groups.' ), related_name = "user_set" , related_query_name = "user" ) user_permissions = models.ManyToManyField(Permission, verbose_name = _( 'user permissions' ), blank = True , help_text = _( 'Specific permissions for this user.' ), related_name = "user_set" , related_query_name = "user" ) |
is_staff
Boolean。决定用户是否可以访问admin管理界面。默认False。
is_active
Boolean。 用户是否活跃,默认True。一般不删除用户，而是将用户的is_active设为False。
is_superuser
Boolean。默认False。当设为True时，用户获得全部权限。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | def has_perm( self , perm, obj = None ): """ Returns True if the user has the specified permission. This method queries all available auth backends, but returns immediately if any backend returns True. Thus, a user who has permission from a single auth backend is assumed to have permission in general. If an object is provided, permissions for this specific object are checked. """ # Active superusers have all permissions. if self .is_active and self .is_superuser: return True # Otherwise we need to check the backends. return _user_has_perm( self , perm, obj) |
last_login
上一次的登录时间，为datetime对象，默认为当时的时间。
| 1 | user.last_login = timezone.now() |
date_joined
用户创建的时间
方法Methods
is_anonymous()
是否是匿名用户。
is_authenticated()
用户是否通过验证，登陆。
get_full_name()
返回first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.
get_short_name()
返回first_name.
set_password(raw_password)
设置密码。
check_password(raw_password)
验证密码。
get_group_permissions(obj=None)
返回用户组权限的集合。
get_all_permissions(obj=None)
返回用户所有的权限集合。
has_perm(perm, obj=None)
用户是否具有某个权限。perm的格式是 "<app label>.<permission codename>".
has_perms(perm_list, obj=None)
用户是否具有权限列表中的每个权限。
创建用户
由于User对象的密码不是明文存储的，所以创建User对象时与通常的Model create不同，需用内置的create_user()方法。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | >>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User >>> user = User.objects.create_user( 'john' , 'lennon@thebeatles.com' , 'johnpassword' ) # At this point, user is a User object that has already been saved # to the database. You can continue to change its attributes # if you want to change other fields. >>> user.last_name = 'Lennon' >>> user.save() |
当然也可以在admin界面中添加用户。
创建superusers
| 1 | $ python manage.py createsuperuser - - username = joe - - email = joe@example.com |
修改密码
使用内置的set_password()方法。
| 1 2 3 4 | >>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User >>> u = User.objects.get(username = 'john' ) >>> u.set_password( 'new password' ) >>> u.save() |
验证用户
authenticate()
验证给出的username和password是否是一个有效用户。如果有效，则返回一个User对象，无效则返回None。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | from django.contrib.auth import authenticate user = authenticate(username = 'john' , password = 'secret' ) if user is not None : # the password verified for the user if user.is_active: print ( "User is valid, active and authenticated" ) else : print ( "The password is valid, but the account has been disabled!" ) else : # the authentication system was unable to verify the username and password print ( "The username and password were incorrect." ) |
