Operators || and &&
Both || and && operators perform a boolean test on the first operand (a or c). If the operand is not already boolean (as it's not, here), a normal ToBoolean coercion occurs, so that the test can be performed.
For the || operator, if the test is true, the || expression results in the value of the first operand (a or c). If the test is false, the || expression results in the value of the second operand (b).
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The result of a || or && expression is always the underlying value of one of the operands, not the (possibly coerced) result of the test. In c && b, c is null, and thus falsy. But the && expression itself results in null (the value in c), not in the coerced false used in the test.
Do you see how these operators act as "operand selectors", now?
Another way of thinking about these operators:
a || b;
// roughly equivalent to:
a ? a : b;
a && b;
// roughly equivalent to:
a ? b : a;
