Python打卡第六周
面向对象
Class 类
一个类即是对一类拥有相同属性的对象的抽象、蓝图、原型。在类中定义了这些对象的都具备的属性（variables(data)）、共同的方法
Object 对象
一个对象即是一个类的实例化后实例，一个类必须经过实例化后方可在程序中调用，一个类可以实例化多个对象，每个对象亦可以有不同的属性，就像人类是指所有人，每个人是指具体的对象，人与人之前有共性，亦有不同
Encapsulation 封装
在类中对数据的赋值、内部调用对外部用户是透明的，这使类变成了一个胶囊或容器，里面包含着类的数据和方法
Inheritance 继承
一个类可以派生出子类，在这个父类里定义的属性、方法自动被子类继承
Polymorphism 多态
多态是面向对象的重要特性,简单点说:“一个接口，多种实现”，指一个基类中派生出了不同的子类，且每个子类在继承了同样的方法名的同时又对父类的方法做了不同的实现，这就是同一种事物表现出的多种形态。
类：
class Dog: def __init__(self,name):#初始化方法 self.name = name #将name关联起来 def bulk(self): print('%s : wang wang wang!'%self.name) d1 = Dog("test1")#实例化 d2 = Dog("test2") d3 = Dog("test3") d1.bulk() d2.bulk() d3.bulk()
class Role(object):#新式类 n = 123#类变量
n_list =[] name = "我是类name"#优先找实例变量
def __init__(self, name, role, weapon, life_value=100, money=15000):#初始化方法 self.name = name#实例变量（静态属性，作用域角就是实例本身
self.role = role#r1.role = role
self.weapon = weapon self.__life_value = life_value #两个下划线，私有属性，只能在内部访问
self.money = money def show_status(self): print("name:%s weapon:%s life_val:%s" %(self.name,self.weapon,self.__life_value)) def shot(self):#类的方法（动态属性）
print("shooting...") def __del__(self):#析构函数
pass#print('%s 彻底死了 。。' % self.name)
def __got_shot(self):#加两下划线，私有方法
self.__life_value -= 50
print("ah...,I got shot...") def buy_gun(self, gun_name): print("%s just bought %s" % (self.name,gun_name)) r1 = Role('alex','police','AK47') #生成一个角色，实例化
r2 = Role('Jack','terrorist','B22') #生成一个角色，实例化
#Role(r2,'Jack','terrorist','B22’)
#del r1
r2.buy_gun("AK47") # r1.got_shot()
print(r1.show_status()) # r1.buy_gun("AK47") # r1.got_shot() # r1.n_list.append("from r1") # r2.n_list.append("from r2") # r1.bullet_prove = True # r1.name = "陈荣华" # r2.name = "徐良伟" # r1.n = "改类变量" # #del r1.weapon # print(r1.n,r1.name,r1.bullet_prove,r1.weapon) # print(r2.n,r2.name) # # print("r1:",r1.n_list)
多态
class people(object):#新式类 # class people:
def __init__(self,name,age): self.name = name self.age = age self.friend = [] def talk(self): print("%s is talking..." %self.name) def sleep(self): print("%s is sleeping..." %self.name) def eat(self): print("%s is eating..." %self.name) class relation(object): def make_friend(self,obj): print("%s make friend with %s"%(self.name,obj.name)) self.friend.append(obj.name) class man(people,relation): def __init__(self,name,age,money): # people.__init__(self,name,age)
super(man,self).__init__(name,age) self.money = money print("%s一出生就有%s"%(self.name,self.money)) def piao(self): print("%s is piaoing..." %self.name) def sleep(self): people.sleep(self) print("This is second...") class woman(people,relation): def get_birth(self): print("%s is get birth..."%self.name) m1 = man("Louis",18,10000) # m1.eat() # m1.sleep()
m2 = woman("Lucy",22) # m2.get_birth()
m1.make_friend(m2) print(m1.friend[0])
继承
class School(object): def __init__(self,name,addr): self.name = name self.addr = addr self.students = [] self.staffs = [] def enroll(self,stu_obj): print("为学员%s 办理注册手续"%stu_obj.name) self.students.append(stu_obj) def hire(self,staff_obj): self.staffs.append(staff_obj) print("雇佣新员工%s " % staff_obj.name) class SchoolMember(object): def __init__(self,name,age,sex): self.name = name self.age = age self.sex = sex def tell(self): pass
class Teacher(SchoolMember): def __init__(self,name,age,sex,salary,course): super(Teacher,self).__init__(name,age,sex) self.salary = salary self.course = course def tell(self): print(''' ----info of Teacher:%s---- Name:%s Age:%s Sex:%s Salary:%s Course:%s '''%(self.name,self.name,self.age,self.sex,self.salary,self.course)) def teach(self): print("%s is teaching course [%s]"%(self.name,self.course)) class Student(SchoolMember): def __init__(self,name,age,sex,stu_id,grade): super(Student,self).__init__(name,age,sex) self.stu_id = stu_id self.grade = grade def tell(self): print(''' ----info of Student:%s---- Name:%s Age:%s Sex:%s Stu_id:%s Grade:%s '''%(self.name,self.name,self.age,self.sex,self.stu_id,self.grade)) def pay_tuition(self,amount): print("%s has paid tution for $[%s]"%(self.name,amount)) school = School("Louis","北京") t1 = Teacher("01boy",56,"MF",200000,"Linux") t2 = Teacher("Louis",22,"M",3000,"Pythone") s1 = Student("ChenRongHua",36,"MF",1001,"Python") s2 = Student("枫叶",19,"M",1002,"Linux") t1.tell() t2.tell() school.hire(t1) school.enroll(s1) school.enroll(s2) print(school.students) print(school.staffs) school.staffs[0].teach() for stu in school.students: stu.pay_tuition(5000)
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