Spring整合SpringDataJPA 的环境搭建
环境搭建：
步骤：1.引入坐标；2.配置spring的配置文件（整合jpa）；3.编写实体类，使用 jpa 注解配置映射关系；4.编写dao层接口；5. 简单测试分析。
SRE实战 互联网时代守护先锋，助力企业售后服务体系运筹帷幄！一键直达领取阿里云限量特价优惠。1. pom文件配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.itcast</groupId> <artifactId>jpa-day2</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- junit单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.6.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring对orm框架的支持包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring end --> <!-- hibernate beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.2.1.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate end --> <!-- c3p0 beg --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- c3p0 end --> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring data jpa 的坐标--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- el end --> </dependencies> </project>
2. 配置spring 配置文件（整合jpa）：applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <!--spring 和 spring data jpa的配置--> <!-- 1.创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理--> <bean id="entityManagerFactoty" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <!--配置的扫描的包（实体类所在的包） --> <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.hcc.domain" /> <!-- jpa的实现厂家 --> <property name="persistenceProvider"> <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/> </property> <!--jpa的供应商适配器 --> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 --> <property name="generateDdl" value="false" /> <!--指定数据库类型 --> <property name="database" value="MYSQL" /> <!--数据库方言：支持的特有语法 --> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" /> <!--是否显示sql --> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> </bean> </property> <!--jpa的方言 ：高级的特性 --> <property name="jpaDialect" > <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" /> </property> </bean> <!--2.创建数据库连接池 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="user" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///springdatajpa" ></property> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> </bean> <!--3.整合spring dataJpa--> <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itcast.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoty" ></jpa:repositories> <!--4.配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoty"></property> </bean> <!-- 4.txAdvice--> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 5.aop--> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.hcc.service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" /> </aop:config> <!--5.声明式事务 --> <!-- 6. 配置包扫描--> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.hcc" ></context:component-scan> </beans>
3.编写实体类，使用 jpa 注解配置映射关系:
package cn.hcc.domain; import javax.persistence.*; /** * 客户的实体类 * 配置映射关系 * * * 1.实体类和表的映射关系 * @Entity:声明实体类 * @Table : 配置实体类和表的映射关系 * name : 配置数据库表的名称 * 2.实体类中属性和表中字段的映射关系 * * */ @Entity @Table(name = "cst_customer") public class Customer { /** * @Id：声明主键的配置 * @GeneratedValue:配置主键的生成策略 * strategy * GenerationType.IDENTITY ：自增，mysql * * 底层数据库必须支持自动增长（底层数据库支持的自动增长方式，对id自增） * GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列，oracle * * 底层数据库必须支持序列 * GenerationType.TABLE : jpa提供的一种机制，通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增 * GenerationType.AUTO ： 由程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略 * @Column:配置属性和字段的映射关系 * name：数据库表中字段的名称 */ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "cust_id") private Long custId; //客户的主键 @Column(name = "cust_name") private String custName;//客户名称 @Column(name="cust_source") private String custSource;//客户来源 @Column(name="cust_level") private String custLevel;//客户级别 @Column(name="cust_industry") private String custIndustry;//客户所属行业 @Column(name="cust_phone") private String custPhone;//客户的联系方式 @Column(name="cust_address") private String custAddress;//客户地址 public Long getCustId() { return custId; } public void setCustId(Long custId) { this.custId = custId; } public String getCustName() { return custName; } public void setCustName(String custName) { this.custName = custName; } public String getCustSource() { return custSource; } public void setCustSource(String custSource) { this.custSource = custSource; } public String getCustLevel() { return custLevel; } public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) { this.custLevel = custLevel; } public String getCustIndustry() { return custIndustry; } public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) { this.custIndustry = custIndustry; } public String getCustPhone() { return custPhone; } public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) { this.custPhone = custPhone; } public String getCustAddress() { return custAddress; } public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) { this.custAddress = custAddress; } @Override public String toString() { return "Customer{" + "custId=" + custId + ", custName='" + custName + '\'' + ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' + ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' + ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' + ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' + ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' + '}'; } }
4.dao接口编写：不需要写任何东西就可以做一些简单的增删改查；
/** * 符合SpringDataJpa的dao层接口规范 * JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型，实体类中主键属性的类型> * * 封装了基本CRUD操作 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型> * * 封装了复杂查询（分页） */ public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long> ,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> { }
5.进行方法的测试：
package cn.hcc.test; import cn.hcc.dao.CustomerDao; import cn.hcc.domain.Customer; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import java.util.List; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //声明spring提供的单元测试环境 @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息 public class CustomerDaoTest { @Autowired private CustomerDao customerDao; /** * 根据id查询 */ @Test public void testFindOne() { Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(4l); System.out.println(customer); } /** * save : 保存或者更新 * 根据传递的对象是否存在主键id， * 如果没有id主键属性：保存 * 存在id主键属性，根据id查询数据，更新数据 */ @Test public void testSave() { Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setCustName("hcc"); customer.setCustLevel("vip"); customer.setCustIndustry("it学习"); customerDao.save(customer); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setCustId(4l); customer.setCustName("hcc很厉害"); customerDao.save(customer); } @Test public void testDelete () { customerDao.delete(3l); } /** * 查询所有 */ @Test public void testFindAll() { List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll(); for(Customer customer : list) { System.out.println(customer); } } /** * 测试统计查询：查询客户的总数量 * count:统计总条数 */ @Test public void testCount() { long count = customerDao.count();//查询全部的客户数量 System.out.println(count); } /** * 测试：判断id为4的客户是否存在 * 1. 可以查询以下id为4的客户 * 如果值为空，代表不存在，如果不为空，代表存在 * 2. 判断数据库中id为4的客户的数量 * 如果数量为0，代表不存在，如果大于0，代表存在 */ @Test public void testExists() { boolean exists = customerDao.exists(4l); System.out.println("id为4的客户 是否存在："+exists); } /** * 根据id从数据库查询 * @Transactional : 保证getOne正常运行 * * findOne： * em.find() :立即加载 * getOne： * em.getReference :延迟加载 * * 返回的是一个客户的动态代理对象 * * 什么时候用，什么时候查询 */ @Test @Transactional public void testGetOne() { Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(4l); System.out.println(customer); } }
更多精彩
