要求:

用类实现学生的成绩管理,要求实现如下功能:

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  1.能够获取学生的对应学科成绩、总成绩、平均成绩;

  2.能够获取某一个班级的某一科成绩的最高分的学生

  3.能够获取某一班级的总成绩最高分的学生

算法:

基于以上要求,设计学生类和班级类2个类来分别管理学生和班级信息,学生的信息包括姓名,班级,科目以及成绩;班级的类的信息包括班级名称,班级包含的学生;

第一步:编写学生类,基于功能要求实现如下代码:

class Student(object):
    '''学生类'''
    def __init__(self,name,class_no):
        self.name = name
        self.class_no = class_no
        self.total_subject = {}#使用字典存储学生各科成绩

    def __getitem__(self, subject):
        '''使用内置函数__getitem__实现获取科目分数'''
        if subject not in self.total_subject.keys():
            return None
        return self.total_subject[subject]
    
    def __setitem__(self, subject, score):
        '''使用内置函数__setitem__实现添加设置科目及分数功能'''
        if score>0 and score<=100 and isinstance(score,int):
            self.total_subject[subject] = score
        else:
            print('输入的分数必须为数字且0-100之间')

    def get_student_name(self):
        '''获取学生姓名'''
        return self.name

    def get_class_no(self):
        '''获取学生所在班级'''
        return self.class_no
    
    def get_all_score(self):
        '''获取所有学科和分数'''
        return self.total_subject
    
    def get_highest_score(self):
        '''获取最高分学科和分数'''
        if self.total_subject:
            return sorted(self.total_subject.items(),key = lambda x:x[1],reverse = True)[0]
        else:
            return None
        
    def get_avg_score(self):
        '''获取平均分'''
        if self.total_subject:
            return round(sum(self.total_subject.values())/len(self.total_subject),2)
        else:
            return None
        
    def get_total_score(self):
        '''获取总分'''
        return sum(self.total_subject.values())

 第二步:编写班级类如下:

class Class_No():
    '''班级类'''
    def __init__(self,class_name):
        self.class_name = class_name
        self.students = []
        
    def set_class_name(self,name):
        self.class_name = class_name
        
    def get_class_name(self,name):
        return self.class_name
    
    def add_student(self,student):
        '''添加班级学生,存储的数据是学生的类的实例对象'''
        self.students.append(student)
        
    def get_specific_subject_highest_score(self,subject):
        '''获取某一科目的最高分和对应学生'''
        max_score = -1
        max_score_student = ''
        if not self.students:
            return None
        for student_obj in self.students:
            if student_obj[subject]!=None and student_obj[subject]>max_score:
                max_score = student_obj[subject]
                max_score_student = student_obj.get_student_name()
        return max_score_student,subject,max_score
    
    def get_total_higest_socre_student(self):
        '''获取总分最高的学生和对应总分'''
        max_score = -1
        max_score_student = ''
        if not self.students:
            return None
        for student_obj in self.students:
            if student_obj.get_total_score() !=None and student_obj.get_total_score() >max_score:
                max_score = student_obj.get_total_score()
                max_score_student = student_obj.get_student_name()
        return max_score_student,max_score

 第三步:造测试数据

#创建测试用例
#先创建100个学生
temp = []
for i in range(100):
    import random
    name = ('DaiHao'+str(i))
    class_no = random.choice(['07计本2班','07计本1班','08计本2班','06艺术1班'])
    name = Student(name,class_no)
    name['语文'] = random.randint(60,100)
    name['数学'] = random.randint(60,100)
    name['英语'] = random.randint(60,100)
    temp.append(name)
#根据班级创建对应的实例
Seven_one = Class_No('07计本1班')
Seven_two = Class_No('07计本2班')
Eight_two = Class_No('08计本2班')
Six_one = Class_No('06艺术1班')
for obj in temp:
    if obj.get_class_no() =='07计本1班':
        Seven_one.add_student(obj)
    elif obj.get_class_no() =='07计本2班':
        Seven_two.add_student(obj)
    elif obj.get_class_no() =='08计本2班':
        Eight_two.add_student(obj)
    elif obj.get_class_no() =='06艺术1班':
        Six_one.add_student(obj)
#打印07计本1班语文最高分
print(Seven_one.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))
#打印07计本2班语文最高分
print(Seven_two.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))
#打印08计本2班语文最高分
print(Eight_two.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))
#打印06艺术1班语文最高分
print(Six_one.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))

#打印07计本1班总分最高分
print(Seven_one.get_total_higest_socre_student())
#打印07计本2班总分最高分
print(Seven_two.get_total_higest_socre_student())
#打印08计本2班总分最高分
print(Eight_two.get_total_higest_socre_student())

#打印06艺术1班总分最高分
print(Six_one.get_total_higest_socre_student())

#打印06艺术1班所有学生成绩
for student,each_score in Six_one.get_all_student_score().items():
    print('-'*30+student+'-'*30)
    for subject,score in each_score.items():
        print(subject,score)

 Tips:班级类里面的student里面存的是学生的实例对象,后续方法调用需要使用学生类的实例方法调用获取数据

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